The Carnatic flute, also known as the South Indian flute or venu, is a traditional Indian musical instrument that is integral to the Carnatic classical music tradition. It is distinct from the North Indian classical flute (bansuri) in terms of construction, playing technique, and repertoire.

1. Material: Carnatic flutes are typically made of bamboo. The choice of bamboo is crucial in determining the tonal quality of the instrument. Different types of bamboo with specific characteristics are selected for crafting flutes.

2. Structure: The Carnatic flute is a simple, cylindrical tube with six to eight finger holes. Unlike the Western concert flute, it does not have keys. The pitch is controlled by the player's fingers covering and uncovering the finger holes.

3. Length and Pitch: The length of the flute determines its pitch. Longer flutes produce lower pitches, while shorter ones produce higher pitches. The Carnatic flute is available in various sizes, allowing for a range of pitches to suit different musical contexts.

4. Playing Technique: The Carnatic flute is played in a vertical position, and the sound is produced by blowing air across the edge of the embouchure hole. The player uses a combination of fingerings and subtle changes in embouchure to produce different notes and ornamentation.